Communication requirements in terms of data flow within substations

Electric utilities all over the world have been undergoing radical changes in their market and regulatory structure. A basic trend in this restructuring process has been the replacement of traditional expansion planning and operation procedures, based on centralised optimisation, by market oriented approaches. A study of communication requirements in terms of data flow within substations covering communication of all functions usually performed i.e. all tasks of protection, control, monitoring, measuring, disturbance recording etc. The complete definition of all communication requirements has to provide the rating guide for existing/coming communication networks/busses and the basis for the definition of standards.