State of the art survey on spacers and spacer dampers

The Technical Brochure presents a general description of the different types of spacers and spacer dampers used on overhead transmission lines with bundled conductors. The material requirement is reviewed and also the different types of clamping systems currently used. Mechanical, dynamic, electrical and environmental design characteristics are covered. The state of the art survey includes a review of the actual experience gained with current practice and the results of a questionnaire summarising the most common problems occurring.