Protection and automation issues of islanded systems during system restoration/black start

Large scale global blackouts of the last two decades highlight certain Protection and Automation responses, which falls directly under the scope of SC B5, having potentially contributed towards delayed restoration and in some cases led to abandonment of intended restoration procedures in favour of slow but sure procedures. There was a need towards investigating Protection and Automation issues during system restoration with focus on network re-energization and resynchronization. This required revisiting CIGRE Technical Brochures that investigated and documented the restoration procedures used both in transmission and distribution networks. This technical brochure has integrated three strands of contributions based on the existing body of technical knowledge, working group member…