High-Frequency Transient Studies: Modelling Transformers and Reactors from Field Measurements and Design Data

High-frequency transients in transmission and distribution networks can excite internal resonances in transformers and reactors, producing non-uniform voltage distributions and concentrated dielectric stresses that are not identified by basic study models. However, many electrical system studies are still conducted with equivalent low-frequency models that may not satisfactorily represent the effects that arise when frequencies in the kHz to MHz are involved.