Sequence impedance of submarine cables: Part II

The use of HVAC three-core submarine cables has increased with the build-out with offshore wind farms over the last two decades, which employ them both for the connection to mainland and the interconnection of the wind turbines. The sequence impedance of the cables is a key component in the power system design and stability studies. However, the complex geometry of the submarine cables, with the helical core bundle and armour, results in a three-dimensional electromagnetic field that not all the available calculation methodologies can address accurately. The widely recognised CIGRE TB 531 on cable systems electrical characteristics provides an analytical method for the impedance calculation of 3-core submarine cables. However, that method has a number of shortcomings which compromises the…