Substation Battery Energy Storage as an Optimisation Application in Power Systems

Substations form the epicentre of the contemporary power system and comprise a complex array of facilities that include conventional substation equipment integrating fundamental power system resources with active elements including electrical storage and synchronous condensers. There are significant challenges with the integration of these active technologies on a grid-scale over the past years as part of the transition toward accommodating substantial volumes of inverter-based resources. Industry guidelines and standards remain to catch up with the rapidly evolving power system landscape.