Expanded Grid-Forming Solution and SGFM Control in HVDC System to Harvest Additional Energy from Offshore Wind Farms

The integration of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology into wind power transmission systems has become increasingly crucial in the pursuit of more efficient and reliable energy solutions. In conventional point-to-point HVDC configurations, the onshore converter station is primarily responsible for regulating DC voltage, while the offshore station supplies a synchronizing AC voltage to Power Park Modules (PPMs) with fixed magnitude and frequency. This dynamic is central to maintaining stability and ensuring effective power transfer from offshore wind farms to onshore grids.