Enhancing knowledge management and skills retention in OT protection and control environments

The global power sector is currently undergoing a fundamental transition, shifting from traditional isolated electrical systems to highly interconnected cyber-physical systems. This evolution is driven by the rapid integration of renewable energy and the adoption of digital substations, which have effectively eliminated the "air gap" between electrical engineering and information technology. In this new landscape, the reliability of power protection no longer depends solely on physical hardware such as copper wiring and relay algorithms; it is now dictated by the integrity of communication networks. Because critical trip signals and measurement data are now transmitted as data packets via IEC 61850 protocols; specifically