Stochastic sizing for off-grid green ammonia plants powered by wind energy

The transition to sustainable energy requires innovative solutions to manage the variability of renewable resources. This paper addresses the design of an off-grid green ammonia plant powered exclusively by a 1 GW wind farm, with no grid connection, photovoltaic source, or emergency generators. The goal is to minimize the Levelized Cost of Ammonia (LCOA) through optimal sizing of process units and storage systems under uncertain wind conditions.