Development of ESS in the UPS of Russia and Assessment of Their Role in Increasing the Power System Flexibility

This paper is dedicated to the importance of energy storage systems (ESS) in the development of the United Power System of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the UPS of Russia) in the context of global energy transition challenges. We note challenges for the Russian electric power industry, such as substantial growth of electric energy consumption and reduction of available manoeuvrable active power reserves due to the ageing of thermal generation and integration of the renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system. Conventional solutions, such as the construction of new generation and electric grids, have a long investment cycle and fall behind the dynamics of electric energy consumption growth. Features of the UPS of Russia aggravate these challenges; in this situation, ESSs are an…