Assessing the Impact of Increasing Non-Synchronous Generation on Frequency Stability in the Indian Power System using Measurement-Based Inertia Estimation

The rapid growth of inverter-based renewable energy resources in the Indian power system is progressively reducing system inertia, thereby altering the grid’s frequency response following large disturbances. Inertia, traditionally provided by the rotating masses of synchronous generators, plays a critical role in limiting the initial rate of frequency change and in providing time for primary and secondary controls to act. With India targeting 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030, a substantial portion of generation is now non-synchronous, making quantitative assessment of inertia essential for maintaining frequency stability.