Possible contributions of MT-DC systems with grid-forming properties to AC system stability by providing inertia

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources leads to a significant reduction of synchronous generation and thus system inertia in modern power systems. Consequently, frequency stability declines and higher rates of change of frequency can occur after disturbances. This paper investigates the potential contribution of multi-terminal HVDC systems with Grid-Forming voltage source converters to AC system stability by providing