Technical Challenges Related to the Synchronization Process of the Baltic States' Power System with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area

On February 9 2025 at 13:05 (CET), the power systems of the Baltic States (BSPS) were synchronized with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area (CESA). To ensure a safe synchronization process without risks to infrastructure or interruptions in electricity supply, a comprehensive set of technical analyses was required. These included simulations of the synchronization process and subsequent synchronous operation, focusing on frequency, transient, and angle signal stability. The studies showed that maintaining stability in the BSPS is challenging due to its specific characteristics: a high share of renewable energy sources, large bulk power transfers, and a relatively weak synchronous interconnection with CESA.