Analysis of the Large Disturbance in Georgian Power System: Stability Challenges and Lessons Learnt

This paper examines a large disturbance event in the Georgian power system on April 19, 2025, that resulted in a system blackout, affecting over 90% of consumers. The incident was triggered by the unexpected trip of a lightly loaded (50 MW) 500 kV interconnector between Georgia and Russia due to a local fire, which exposed critical dynamic instabilities caused by incorrect frequency and voltage controls at the largest hydro generators.