Overcoming challenges in visual technologies for continuous monitoring of high voltage stations

The design of external insulation for high‑voltage apparatus and substations primarily aims to prevent corona discharges, define the required air clearances, and ensure adequate creepage distances. Corona discharges are self‑sustaining electrical discharges occurring in air near electrodes subjected to high electric field stress. In external insulation design, the geometry of equipment electrodes, interconnections, and clearances is defined to prevent discharge inception under maximum operating voltage. The inception of electrical discharges depends not only on air‑gap geometry, but also on atmospheric conditions such as air density, humidity, and voltage stress distribution. Compliance with design requirements is verified through type and routine tests performed in accordance with…