Study of Cybersecurity in Power Automation: Implementation Challenges of IEC 62351 for IEC 61850 Systems

IEC 61850, the widely adopted standard for substation communication and automation, provides high-speed control and interoperability but relies on networked architectures that are inherently vulnerable to cyber-attacks. To mitigate these risks, IEC 62351 was developed to provide critical cybersecurity mechanisms, including encryption, authentication, and access control, for IEC 61850-based systems. However, many existing Intelligent Electronic Devices