SASMaker: A Framework for Generating Synthetic IEC 61850 Traffic from Diverse Substation Setups

The increasing adoption of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 has made communication networks a critical component of modern electrical substations. While the standard enables interoperable protection and control functionalities, it offers limited intrinsic support for detecting misuse of otherwise valid traffic, especially in time-critical protocols such as Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE). As a result, Intrusion Detection