Wholesale / retail electricity market interdependencies

Internationally the electricity energy industry has pursued common objectives regarding open market structures. These market objectives are:

• (i) increasing competition for the generation segment;
• (ii) enhancing private investments for expansion;
• (iii) providing transmission open access;
• (iv) responding to new regulations and operational schemes;
• and (v) providing freedom of choice for consumer segment.

These objectives are being implemented differently for the wholesale and retail segments, and there remains a need to develop better processes to foster expanded access to and use of demand response.