High-Frequency Transformer and Reactor Models for Network Studies - Part B: Black-Box Models

Part B – Black-box models

The reliable and safe operation of the transformer requires that the dielectric stresses imposed by transient overvoltages are kept within acceptable limits. Black-box models are terminal equivalents of the transformer. Such models can be used in general transient studies where the objective is to calculate overvoltages that occur in the system, external to the transformer. CIGRE JWG A2/C4.52 has reviewed the various black-box models with consideration to parameter determination, accuracy and to the possible inclusion of such models in electromagnetic transient simulation programs for use in general transient studies. The model parameters can in principle be calculated via a white-box model, and the accuracy of the model is then limited by the accuracy of the…