Contributions to Stability through System Inertia: a fair reconciliation mechanism for the European electrical systeml o

The inertia of electrical systems refers to the energy stored in the rotating mass of machines like generators and large motors. This inertia helps stabilize the grid by resisting changes in rotating speed, which is crucial for grid resilience during disturbances. The kinetic energy stored in these rotating masses helps reduce temporary power imbalances, giving the system time to react and stabilize its frequency. Traditionally, renewable energy sources (RES) like wind and solar do not provide inertia because they are typically connected to the grid through power converters, which decouple the generation side from the grid side. However, with newer converter control strategies, renewable energy systems can now provide synthetic inertia. This is achieved through grid-forming control and…