Severe damage to synchronous condensers, caused by lube failure, demand stricter requirements for the oil system

This paper addresses the critical role of lubrication systems in synchronous condensers (SCs) operated by Terna, the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), and analyzes two severe failures that occurred in 2024 and 2025. Since 2012, Terna has deployed standardized SCs to enhance dynamic voltage regulation and system inertia [1] [2], currently managing a fleet of 21 units totally remotely controlled. Continuous operation has provided significant experience and technical know-how, enabling Terna to request targeted design improvements from suppliers.