Analysis of Seasonal Effects on Substation Earthing Systems

Substation earthing system’s are commonly evaluated for a single scenario despite the reality that the variables driving earthing system’s performance are constantly changing. The behaviour of substation earthing systems is significantly influenced by the soil's electrical resistivity, particularly in the low-frequency range of 50 to 60 Hz. Soil resistivity is affected by various factors, including moisture content, chemical composition, and temperature. Soil temperature can be accurately forecasted, and thus considered for the earthing system design.