Planning and Design of a ± 320 kV/1000 MW Hybrid City‑Infeed VSC‑HVDC Link

Mumbai, India’s financial capital, requires an exceptionally reliable power supply to support its critical infrastructure and rapidly growing electricity demand. Peak demand reached about 4000 MW in 2024, with nearly 2200 MW imported from outside Mumbai grid, and is further projected to rise to around 5500 MW by 2030 due to urbanization, metro expansion, data centres, airports, and Electric Vehicle adoption. With limited embedded generation and distant power sources, Mumbai increasingly relies on Extra High Voltage (EHV) AC corridors operating close to their thermal and stability limits, as highlighted by the widespread outages during the October 2020 disturbance.