Operational Experience with Composite Insulators for HVDC Air Core Reactors in Outdoor Polluted Environments

With the increasing demand for reliable high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, composite insulators have gained significant attention due to their distinct advantages. This paper examines their application by comparing key properties with conventional alternatives, reviewing long-term operational experience, and evaluating their suitability in HVDC air-core dry-type reactor applications under evolving grid conditions.