Using EMT Simulation in Reviewing Distance Protection with Inverter Based Resources

The Australasian power system is transitioning toward inverter-based resources (IBR) driven by power system decarbonisation targets. This shift introduces challenges in voltage regulation, frequency control, system stability, and protection. Prior work using desktop protection relay and network modelling has shown that the protection quality of IBR fault current is reduced and consequently undermines the correct operation of distance protection under high penetration IBR. This study aims to extend this work by taking simulated fault current and voltage waveforms, exported from the desktop studies, and applying them to the physical relays through Hardware-Open-Loop (HOL) testing. An independently verified Grid-Forming (GFM)