Strategic Allocation of Lines, Capacity, and Grid-Forming Inverters to Improve Fault Tolerance in Renewable-Rich Network

The growing integration of renewable energy into power systems has significantly altered their short-circuit fault response characteristics. This study employs a fast positive-sequence quasisteady-state short-circuit calculation method suitable for large-scale grids with nonlinear power sources. It investigates how expanding line capacity, deploying battery energy storage systembased grid-forming inverters (BESS GFM), and enhancing their overcurrent capabilities influence the mitigation of fault propagation and overall system fault tolerance across varying levels of renewable energy penetration. Through short-circuit calculations on multiple grid topologies and parameter importance analysis under economic constraints, the results indicate that in future grids with the phase-out of…