PProviding FCR-N with BWR in a Nordic context

Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) have in the Nordics historically been used as base load production units. They provide the power system with large amounts of kinetic energy which is essential for maintaining power system stability. In a Nordic context, NPPs have never been used to provide Primary Frequency Response (PFR) services as hydro power plants have been better suited for this role. However, as more converter-based production units are connected to the system, replacing decommissioned nuclear capacity, balancing the Nordic grid frequency is becoming increasingly challenging. Flexible operation with Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) is rather unexplored. By evaluating the ability to provide Frequency Containment Reserve for