Increasing Offshore Wind Infeed Using HVDC Dynamic Capacity in Transmission Capacity Management

Offshore wind energy is a key driver of Europe’s energy transition, and in case of remote connection to shore, energy transmission is many times enabled by Voltage Source Converterbased High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) Grid Connection Systems (GCS). Outages of GCS lead directly to an unavailability of its connected offshore wind farm (OWF) since the offshore grid is not n-1 safe which leads to compensation payments by the transmission system operators (TSO). To mitigate these impacts, a temporary coupling via switch gear of adjacent