Geographic Mapping of Minimum Fault Levels to Identify Weak Areas on the Irish Grid and the Assessment of New technologies for System Performances Enhancement

The Irish electricity grid is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by decarbonisation targets and the integration of renewable energy sources. This transition introduces planning, energisation and operational challenges, particularly the reduction of system fault levels due to the displacement of synchronous generation by inverter-based resources (IBR). Adequate fault levels are essential for maintaining system stability, protection coordination, and reliable operation. Certain areas of the Irish grid exhibit minimum fault levels approaching critical thresholds, particularly in regions dominated by IBR generation. Traditional protection systems may fail under these conditions, necessitating strategic reinforcement and technology upgrades.