Optimal Recloser Placement for Improved Reliability in Stand-Alone Industrial Power Supply Systems

Large areas in countries such as Russia remain disconnected from centralized power grids, requiring industrial facilities to operate stand-alone power systems. In such isolated networks, long restoration times and limited automation can significantly increase outage duration and the associated cost of energy not supplied (ENS). FLISR-enabled reclosers are a practical means of improving resilience by enabling fast fault isolation and service restoration, but their placement is a nontrivial, topology-dependent planning problem under budget constraints.