TSO-DSO Integration in Brazil: Technical and Regulatory Proposals for the Systemic Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
The Brazilian Interconnected Power System (BIPS) is undergoing a structural transformation driven by the rapid growth of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), mostly solar photovoltaic distributed generation. These resources, while connected to distribution networks, are increasingly influencing the operation of the transmission system. Currently, in Brazil’s electrical grid, more than 60 GW of generation installed capacity is connected to distribution networks without sufficient visibility and controllability by either the Transmission System