Transient recovery voltage at transformer limited fault clearing

Transformer limited faults (TLF) are fault conditions where the transformer impedance is the dominant factor that determines the short-circuit current, that determines the DC-component of the fault current (when applicable), and the waveform of the transient recovery voltage (TRV). The TLF drew particular attention in late 1960's and in 1970's as they can be associated with fast rate-ofrise- of recovery voltage (RRRV) when the connection between the circuit breaker and the power transformer has a low capacitance to earth [1] [2] [3]. The work by Harner and Rodriguez led to the elaboration of the ANSI C37.06.1 Guide to definite fast transient recovery voltage rise times by high voltage circuit breakers [4].