Protection relays using 5G for inter-substation communication to enhance selectivity

The ongoing digitalisation of electrical substations, driven by increased electrification, renewable integration, and growing operational demands, has accelerated the adoption of modern protection and control systems. With this shift from analogue to digital infrastructures, utilities are increasingly exploring wireless solutions such as 5G for mission‑critical applications traditionally served by fibre‑optic communication. A key question is whether public 5G networks—both Non‑Standalone