Operational insights from the ±320 kV VSC HVDC Cable System: Metallic Pipeline crossing challenges and Thermal Performance Assessment
± 320 kV HVDC link between Pugalur in Tamil Nadu and Thrissur in Kerala is 165.2 km long and the power evacuation is by hybrid transmission technology, which is a combination of 138 km overhead line and 27.2 km underground cable with a transition station for conversion of overhead line to underground cable system. The link connects two symmetric monopoles at